Histopathological differentiation of drowning in freshwater and saltwater in rats: forensic point of view / Diferenciación histopatológica de ahogamiento en agua dulce y agua salada en ratas: punto de vista forense

SUMMARY: The postmortem diagnosis of death by drowning is one of the most difficult issues in forensic pathology. We investigated possible evidence differentiating saltwater drowning from freshwater drowning by histopathological changes in brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys tissues. A cross section descriptive study was carried out on eighteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats; they were divided equally into 3 groups. Group 1: control group; Group 2: death by drowning in freshwater; Group 3: death by drowning in saltwater. Immediately after death, all tested organs were removed and fixed for histopathological examination. The brain of freshwater group depicted degenerated neurocytes with dystrophic changes in the form of shrunken cell, pyknotic nuclei and deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm. The heart showed clear evidence of myocyte injuries in saltwater drowning compared to the control and freshwater groups. The kidneys of rats drown in saltwater revealed more glomerular destruction with no differences in tubulo-interstitial changes in comparison with those drown in freshwater. In the lungs, the changes in freshwater were restricted to the alveoli, and the bronchial changes were more distinctive in saltwater. No disturbed liver architecture was seen in both test groups, however hydropic degeneration, congested vessels, and sinusoids were more distinct in saltwater group. In conclusion, diagnostic differentiation between fresh and saltwater drowning was reliable in rats' lungs and heart with minimal differentiation in liver, kidneys, and brain. Further studies of drowning with different staining techniques will help to clarify the potential role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicator of drowning.

RESUMEN: El diagnóstico post mortem de muerte por ahogamiento es uno de los temas más difíciles de la patología forense. Investigamos la posible evidencia que diferencia el ahogamiento en agua salada del ahogamiento en agua dulce por cambios histopatológicos en los tejidos del cerebro, el corazón, los pulmones, el hígado y los riñones. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en dieciocho ratas Wistar macho de 12 semanas de edad; se dividieron por igual en 3 grupos. Grupo 1: grupo control; Grupo 2: muerte por ahogamiento en agua dulce; Grupo 3: muerte por ahogamiento en agua salada. Inmediatamente después de la muerte, se extirparon todos los órganos analizados y se fijaron para el examen histopatológico. El cerebro del grupo de agua dulce mostró neurocitos degenerados con cambios distróficos en forma de células encogidas, núcleos picnóticos y citoplasma profundamente eosinofílico. El corazón mostró una clara evidencia de lesiones de miocitos en los ahogamientos en agua salada en comparación con los grupos de control y de agua dulce. Los riñones de ratas ahogadas en agua salada revelaron una mayor destrucción glomerular sin diferencias en los cambios túbulo-intersticiales en comparación con las ahogadas en agua dulce. En los pulmones, los cambios en agua dulce se restringieron a los alvéolos y los cambios bronquiales fueron más distintivos en agua salada. No se observó una arquitectura hepática alterada en ambos grupos de prueba, sin embargo, la degeneración hidrópica, los vasos congestionados y los sinusoides fueron más distintos en el grupo de agua salada. En conclusión, la diferenciación diagnóstica entre ahogamiento en agua dulce y salada fue confiable en los pulmones y el corazón de las ratas con una diferenciación mínima en el hígado, los riñones y el cerebro. Estudios adicionales de ahogamiento con diferentes técnicas de tinción ayudarán a aclarar el papel potencial de los cambios histopatológicos en los órganos del cuerpo como indicador de ahogamiento.

Optimization of stir-frying with saltwater technology of Citrus reticulate by entropy weight method combined with central composite design-response surface method / 中国药房

O BJECTIVE To optimize stir-frying with saltwater technology of Citrus reticulata . METHODS Taking the contents of limonin ，nomilin and obacunone ，color difference value and free radical scavenging rate of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenyl hydrazine （DPPH） as the indexes ，the entropy weight method was used for comprehensive evaluation. The stir-frying with saltwater technology of C. reticulata was optimized by central composite design-response surface method by using water-salt ratio ，stewing time，frying temperature and frying time as factors. RESULTS The optimal stir-frying with saltwater technology of C. reticulata included water-salt ratio of 8 ∶ 1（mL/g），stewing time of 22 min，frying time of 9 min and frying temperature of 158 ℃. After three times of validation tests ，the average comprehensive score of the optimized technology was 92.35（RSD＝2.19％），and its relative error with the predicted value （93.25）was 1.10％. CONCLUSIONS The optimal stir-frying with saltwater technology is stable and feasible.

Comparison of volatile components and principal component analysis of Cuscuta chinensis and its processed pro- ducts / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To compar e the volatile components of Cuscuta chinensis and its processed products ，and to conduct principal component analysis （PCA）. METHODS The volatile components of C. chinensis ，C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater ， C. chinensis stir-frying with wine were identified by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by area normalization method. The PCA was conducted by using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS A total of 117 compounds were identified from C. chinensis ，C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater and C. chinensis stir-frying with wine ，of which 68 compounds were identified from C. chinensis （relative percentage of 92.41％），such as phytone ，2-methoxy-3-（2-propenl）phenol，n-pentadecane，β-caryophyllene. Sixty compounds （relative percentage of 89.41％） were identified from C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater ，such as maltol ，2，3-dihydro- benzofuran，4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol. Fifty-eight compounds （relative percentage of 87.02％）were identified from C. chinensis stir-frying with wine ，such as phenylethanol ，β-caryophyllene，macrocarehe D. There were 24 common components in the three ， and relative percentage of them were 38.56％，30.61％，33.07％，respectively. After processing ，there were 49 new components ， such as furfural ，n-hexanoic acid ，caryophyllene oxide. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the former two principal components was 100％ ；comprehensive score of volatile components of C. chinensis was the highest ， followed by C. chinensis stir-frying with wine and C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater. CONCLUSIONS The quality of volatile components in C. chinensis is good ；the volatile components in processed products are more than those in C. chinensis .

Study on the effects and mechanism of saltwater stir-baked Eucommia ulmoides on kidney-yang deficiency in rats / 中国药房

OBJECT IVE To study the effects and potential mechanism of saltwater stir-baked Eucommia ulmoides on kidney-yang deficiency in rats. METHODS Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group （15 rats） and modeling group （75 rats）. Modeling group was given adenine intragastrically to establish kidney-yang deficiency model. After modeling，modeling group were randomly divided into model group ，positive control group （Guifu dihuang tablet 2.5 g/kg）， low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups of saltwater stir-baked E. ulmoides （1.5，3，6 g/kg），with 15 rats in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，normal control group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 8 weeks. The body weight of rats was measured before modeling and after medication. The score of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome was performed after medication. The levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN），serum creatinine （SCR），testosterone（T）and cortisol （COR）in serum and superoxide dismutase （SOD）activity， malondialdehyde（MDA）level in renal tissue were detected. The pathological changes of renal tissue were observed after HE staining. Relative expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF-1 α）and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 （STAT5） mRNA in renal tissue were detected by RT-PCR. The relative expressions of HIF- 1α，STAT5 and phosphorylated STAT 5 （p-STAT5）protein and the ratio of gray values of p-STAT 5 and STAT 5（p-STAT5/STAT5）in renal tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Before modeling ，there was no statistical significance in body weight of rats in each group （P＞0.05）. After medication， compared with model group ， pathological changes of renal tissue were all recovered in saltwater stir-baked E. ulmoides groups and positive control group ， while body weight ，the level of T in serum and SOD activity qq.com in renal tissue were all increase d significantly （P＜0.05）. The scores of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome ，levels of BUN ， SCR and COR in serum ，MDA level in renal tissue ，the relative expressions of HIF- 1α and STAT5 mRNA，the relative expressions of HIF- 1α，STAT5 and p-STAT 5 protein as well as p-STAT5/STAT5 were all significantly decre ased （P＜0.05）. The above effects of saltwater stir-baked E. ulmoides were in dose-dependent manner （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Saltwater stir-baked E. ulmoides can significantly relieve renal tissue damage in rats with kidney-yang deficiency ，decrease the levels of BUN ，SCR and COR in serum ，increase the level of T in serum ，the mechanism of which may be associated with anti-oxidative stress and inhibition of the expression of HIF- 1α and STAT5 protein.

Biochemical and hormonal parameters of goats kept in a controlled environment consuming water with different levels of salinity / [Parâmetros bioquímicos e hormonais de caprinos consumindo água com diferentes níveis de salinidade mantidos em ambiente controlado]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the biochemical and hormonal variables of Moxotó and Canindé goats submitted to two temperatures - 26.0±0.6 (thermoneutral) and 32.0±1.2°C (above thermal comfort zone) - and consuming water with three levels of salinity (1.0, 6.0 and 12.0 dSm-1). Thirty-six animals (18 of each breed) were used, with an average age of 5.0±0.6months and an average weight of 20.0±2.3kg, housed in metabolic cages inside a climate chamber. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme (2 breeds, 2 temperatures and 3 levels of salinity) and three replications. The glucose and urea had a significant effect (P>0.05) according to water salinity. Glucose, cholesterol, protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and hormones (T4, T3 and cortisol) varied according to temperature (P<0.05). There was a significant effect of time on hormonal variables (P<0.05). Biochemical and hormonal variables changed according to temperature and day shift, so that metabolism was reduced in the animals under thermal stress and accelerated when animals were in the thermal comfort zone.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais de caprinos das raças Moxotó e Canindé, submetidos a duas temperaturas (26,0±0,6ºC e 32,0±1,2ºC), termoneutra e acima da zona de conforto térmico, respectivamente), consumindo água com três níveis de salinidade (1,0, 6,0 e 12,0dSm-1), utilizando-se 36 animais (18 de cada raça), com idade média de 5,0±0,6 meses e peso médio de 20,0±2,3kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas no interior de uma câmara climática. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial de 2 x 2 x 3 (2 raças, 2 temperaturas e 3 níveis de salinidade) e três repetições. A glicose e a ureia apresentaram efeito significativo (P<0,05) em função da salinidade da água. Glicose, colesterol, proteína, albumina, globulina, AST e hormônios (T4, T3 e cortisol) variaram conforme as temperaturas (P<0,05). Observou-se efeito significativo do horário sobre as variáveis hormonais (P<0,05). As variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais sofrem alterações em função da temperatura e do turno do dia, de modo que o metabolismo é reduzido em animais sob estresse térmico e acelerado quando os animais encontram-se na zona de conforto térmico.(AU)

Effect of Herbal Medicines in Wuzi Yanzong Wan Processed with Salt-water on Apoptosis of Spermatogenic Cells in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Wuzi Yanzong Wan made of different processed products on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in rats with kidney essence deficiency， and explore its protective effect on spermatogenic cells. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， whole raw product group， pharmacopoeia group and salt-processed product group， with 8 rats in each group. The kidney essence deficiency model was replicated by giving tripterygium glycoside tablets （the dose of 20 mg·kg^-1）. The flow cytometry （FCM） was used to analysis the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in testis， the immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） in the testis. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to compare the contents of eight components （chlorogenic acid， ellagic acid， hyperoside， isoquercitrin， verbascoside， astragalin， kaempferol and schisandrin） in Wuzi Yanzong Wan made of different processed products， the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile （A）-0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-5 min， 5%-15%A； 5-10 min， 15%-17%A； 10-25 min， 17%A； 25-35 min， 17%-26%A； 35-60 min， 26%-56%A）， the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Result:Compared with the model group， the total apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells， protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in each administration group were improved. Among them， the pharmacopoeia group and salt-processed product group had significant effects （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the improvement effect of the pharmacopoeia group and salt-processed product group was significantly better than that of the whole raw product group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， hyperoside， isoquercitrin and verbascoside in Wuzi Yanzong Wan were increased after the herbal medicines being processed with salt-water. The content of ellagic acid in the salt-processed product group increased， while it decreased in the pharmacopoeia group. The contents of verbascoside， astragalin， kaempferol and schisandrin in samples from the salt-processed product group were greater than those in samples from the pharmacopoeia group. Conclusion:Wuzi Yanzong Wan may reduce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in rat testis by inhibiting the expression of Bax and promoting the expression of Bcl-2， and exert its effect of nourishing kidney and enriching essence. The enhanced anti-spermatogenic effect of Wuzi Yanzong Wan after processing may be related to the changes in chemical composition content after processing.

Modern research on theory of “salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” proposed by healer Jia-mo Chen from Xinan / 中草药

Jia-mo Chen who was a Xinan medical scientist put forward the theory of “Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” recorded in “Enlightening Primer of Materia Medica”, which has great significance for the clinical application of Chinese medicine processing excipients. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of research work on the chemical composition and pharmacological effect changes of Chinese medicines and related prescriptions before and after salt-processing, and preliminarily explained the scientific connotation of the processing theory of “salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” of Chinese materia medica (CMM). According to the literatures of recent years studies, the research progress on processing theory of “Salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” of CMM was summarized and concluded from the perspective of chemical composition and pharmacological effects changes, and the problems of the present study were analyzed, which put forward new research idea for the theory of “salt-processing enhancing drug into kidney meridian” combined with modern research methods.

Pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes e Vibrio parahaemolyticus em amostras de pescada amarela (Cynoscion acoupa) comercializadas na cidade de São Luís, MA / Search of Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in samples of fish (Cynoscion acoupa) marketed in the city of Sao Luis, MA

[{"text": "O aumento no consumo de pescados\r\ndevido a mudanças nas dietas alimentares\r\nfez com que a pescada amarela\r\n(Cynoscion acoupa) se tornasse\r\numa das espécies mais consumidas\r\nno Maranhão. Apesar dos benefícios\r\nnutricionais, esse consumo traz\r\nconsigo riscos à saúde pública quando\r\nocorre contaminação. O objetivo\r\ndesta pesquisa foi verificar a presença\r\nde Listeria monocytogenes e Vibrio\r\nparahaemolyticus em amostras\r\nde pescada amarela (C. acoupa) vendidas\r\nnas feiras e supermercados de\r\nSão Luís/ MA. Foram coletadas 30\r\namostras de filés de pescada amarela\r\nem feiras e supermercados e o\r\nprocessamento dessas amostras foi\r\nfeito no Laboratório de Microbiologia\r\nde Alimentos e Água da Universidade\r\nEstadual do Maranhão.\r\nAs análises microbiológicas foram\r\nrealizadas segundo o Manual de Métodos\r\nde Análise Microbiológica de\r\nAlimentos. Constatou-se a ausência\r\nde V. parahaemolyticus e ausência\r\nde L. monocytogenes em 100% das\r\namostras. Pode-se concluir, assim,\r\nque os resultados estão de acordo\r\ncom a RDC nº 12 de 2001, da ANVISA,\r\ne que, apesar das amostras não\r\napresentarem os patógenos investigados,\r\nfaz-se necessária a criação\r\nde parâmetros para essas bactérias,\r\ncomo forma de prevenção dos riscos\r\nà saúde pública.(AU)", "_i": "pt"}]

Molecular cloning and characterisation of scavenger receptor class B in pearl oyster Pinctada fuctada martensii

Background: Molluscs can accumulate carotenoids in their body tissues by predominantly feeding on aquatic plant sources. Carotenoid transport and absorption are determined by the regulation of various proteins such as Scavenger receptor class B(SR-BI). We report the identification and characterisation of pearl oyster Pinctada fuctada martensii SR-BI (PmSR-BI). The correlation between total carotenoid content (TCC) and gene expression was also estimated. Results: The full-length cDNA of PmSR-BI was 1828 bp, including an open-reading frame encoding of 1518 bp with a pI value of 5.83. PmSR-BI protein contains a hydrophobic CD36 domain and four centrally clustered cysteine residues for the arrangement of disulphide bridges. The deduced amino acid sequence had an identity of 30% to 60% with the SR-B of other organisms. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that mRNA transcripts were expressed in multiple tissues of adult pearl oyster. A higher expression of PmSR-BI gene was observed in the hepatopancreas than in the adductor muscle, gill and mantle. The TCC and gene expression of PmSR-BI were significantly correlated (P b 0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.978. Conclusions: The results suggested that PmSR-BI is involved in the absorption of carotenoids in the pearl oyster P. fuctada martensii.

Technology Optimization of Stir-bake with Saltwater Processing for Fujian Alismatis Rhizoma and Estab-lishment of Its HPLC Fingerprint / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the stir-bake with saltwater processing technology for Fujian Alismatis rhizoma,and es-tablish its HPLC fingerprint. METHODS:Using 23-acetyl alisol B,total triterpenoids contents and appearance as comprehensive in-dexes,single factor experiment and orthogonal test were employed,3 factors'levels including the quantity of salt,processing tem-perature and time were optimized. HPLC was used to develop fingerprints of 10 batches of Fujian Alismatis rhizoma at wavelength of 208,245 nm;the similarity between fingerprints and control profile was compared by using software. RESULTS:The optimal technology was as follow as 2 kg salt dissolved with 10 kg water for each 100 kg Fujian Alismatis rhizoma,moistening for 1 h, stir-frying for 8 minutes under 100 ℃. In verification test,the appearance of 3 batches of processed products were all in line with requirements,average comprehensive score was 93.94 (RSD=6.63%,n=3);23-acetyl alisol B and total triterpenoids contents were stable(RSD=7.41%,7.39%,n=3),respectively. Totally 17 and 10 common peaks were marked in 208 nm and 245 nm re-spectively;similarities of 10 batches of samples'fingerprints were higher than 0.9. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized stir-bake with salt-water technology is reasonable,feasible,and reproducible;the stability of common peaks of established fingerprints can conduct ef-fective quality evaluation for Fujian Alismatis rhizoma processed by saltwater.

Effects of five processing methods on compositions and contents of fatty oils in Descurainiae Semen / 中成药

AIM To investigate the effects of frost-like powder,steaming,stir-frying with wine,stir-frying with salt-water and stir-frying with vinegar on compositions and contents of fatty oils in Descurainiae Semen.METHODS Descurainiae Semen was processed by five methods,respectively.The fatty oils were extracted from various processed products by petroleum ether,which were then derivatized.GC-MS was adopted in the qualitative identification and quantitative determination.RESULTS Except for frost-like powder,various processing methods could increase the extraction rate of fatty oils.Compared with raw product,the quantities of fatty oils in various processed products were decreased,together with the increased contents.The main compositions of obtained fatty oils were unsaturated fatty acids,whose contents in various processed products (except stir-frying with vinegar product) were higher than those in the raw product.CONCLUSION The effects of different processing methods on compositions and contents of fatty oils in Descurainiae Semen show obvious differences,among which the processing effect of stir-frying with vinegar is not satisfactory.

Analysis of the Processing Situation of Marketed Scorpions and Optimization of Salt-water Processing / 中国药师

Objective: To analyze the processing situation of 124 batches of scorpions and optimize the salt-water processing.Methods: The character, extract, moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, amino acids content and heavy metals in the marketed scorpions were determined.Using extract and amino acids contents as the indices, the salt-water processing was optimized.Results: The results of the above determinations showed that the quality difference was very obvious for the marketed scorpion, and the extract and amino acids contents were the highest in scorpion boiled in 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution for 5 min.Conclusion: The item of extract test should be revised in the current standard, and the items such as moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, amino acids content and heavy metals should be taken into consideration in order to control the quality of scorpion more comprehensively.The best salt-water processing of scorpion is boiled in 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution for 5 min.

Mild salinization stimulated glyphosate degradation and microbial activities in a riparian soil from Chongming Island, China.

An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of simulated saltwater treatment with different percentages of artificial seawater on degradation dynamics of herbicide glyphosate and microbial activities in a riparian soil in Chongming Island, China. The results showed that 10% seawater treatment showed significantly enhancing effects on degradation efficiency of glyphosate with the lowest residual concentration among all the treatments. However, glyphosate degradation was markedly decreased in the riparian soil with 20% and 50% seawater treatments. The half-lives for 20% and 50% seawater treatments were prolonged by 12.1 and 39.0%, respectively, as compared to control. Microbial investigation indicated that 10% seawater treatment significantly stimulated microbial activities in the glyphosate-spiked riparian soil throughout the incubation period. At 42 day of incubation experiment, flourescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis rate, microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and basal soil respiration (BSR) in the glyphosate-spiked riparian soil with 10% seawater were 59.2, 42.5 and 31.8% higher than those with no saltwater treatment, respectively. In contrast, saltwater treatment with 50% seawater significantly inhibited microbial activities. Especially, FDA hydrolysis rate, microbial ATP and BSR were decreased by 66.4, 58.6 and 66.8%, respectively, as compared to control. The results indicate that levels of simulated saltwater can exert variable effects on herbicide degradation dynamics and microbial parameters in the riparian soil.

Assessing Effects of Climate Change on Biogeochemical Cycling of Trace Metals in Alluvial and Coastal Watersheds.

Assessing the impacts of climate changes on water quality requires an understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. Evidence from research on alluvial aquifers and coastal watersheds shows direct impacts of climate change on the fate and transformation of trace metals in natural environments. The case studies presented here use field data and numerical modeling techniques to test assumptions about the effects of climate change on natural arsenic contamination of groundwater in alluvial aquifers and mercury bioaccumulation in coastal salt marshes. The results show that the rises of sea level and river base during the warm Holocene period has led to an overall increase in groundwater arsenic concentration due to the development of reducing geochemical

A study on the contents of steroid hormones and micro-substances in some salt-water fishes in Vietnam

In this study, the contents of steroid hormones and micro-substances in 5 salt-water fishes including Sea-horse, White hering, Garrupa, Selachian and Mackerel were studied. The result demonstrated that: the contents of steroid hormones in 5 mentioned fishes were relatively higher than other salt-water creatures. The study also explored the availability as well as contents of some necessary micro-substances in these salt-water fishes (K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Se). Although, the ability of using the active elements in the 5 salt-water fishes as medicines to enhance health and prevent diseases is very potential, it needs further studies

Optimum stir-bake with saltwater technology on Rhizoma Alismatis by multiple indexes orthogonal test / 中成药

AIM: To optimize and establish a stir-bake with saltwater technology on Rhizoma Alismatis by multiple indexes orthogonal test methods, providing technical index on standardization of stir-bake with saltwater on Rhizoma Alismatis. METHODS: The orthogonal test was employed to determine the effects of the three factors including the quantity of saltwater、temperature and time affiliated with three levels Alisol B23-acetate, alcohol extractive and properties. RESULTS: Temperature and time had notable effects on experimental results, but the quantity of saltwater had no effect on the results, the temperautre was at (100 ?C), time was 10 minutes an adding 2 kg salt to 10 kg water per 100 kg drugs. CONCLUSION: The research is meaningful to standardization of stir-bake with saltwater on Rhizoma Alismatis.